Research 01

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Sensing matter without separate sensors

We study materials whose deformation, conductivity, and optical behavior reveal their own physical state.

Most sensing systems add a discrete electronic layer to an otherwise passive structure. We ask a different question: what can be measured when the material itself is the instrument?

Our work combines soft conductive composites, geometric mechanics, and sparse inference. Rather than optimizing a single sensor, we design the distribution of material response across an object and recover useful state from that response.

Current questions

  • How much spatial information can a small number of electrical measurements retain?
  • Can reversible material changes record short environmental histories?
  • Which fabrication constraints improve, rather than limit, inference?

The aim is not to make every object “smart.” It is to build systems in which computation begins with an honest account of matter.

2026

Distributed strain as an interface for adaptive fiber structures

A. Okafor, M. Lin, L. Vogt

Journal of Material Intelligence 8(2) · Journal

A sparse electrical readout and topology-aware model recover deformation states across woven conductive structures without discrete sensor nodes.

2025

Time-dependent interfaces in printed conductive hydrogels

L. Vogt, M. Lin

Soft Systems Letters 19 · Journal

We characterize reversible conductivity changes at printed hydrogel interfaces and show how their temporal response can encode recent humidity exposure.